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Métis
The term Métis describes descendants of both Europeans and First Nations people (the Canadian government did not formally recognize the term until the Constitution Act of 1982).
The Invention of the “Indian”
One of the first acts of the European colonization of the Americas was an act of naming or, more accurately, misnaming.
Colonization
When the European powers set their sights on North America, some three hundred years after the so-called discovery of the continent (which for them was the “New World”), it became a location for French and British settlements.
Colonial Power Struggle
War and political changes also contributed to the destruction of indigenous ways, livelihoods, and physical existence.
Language, Names, and Individual Identity
Learn about the relationship between name, identity, and tradition reflected in Inuit naming practices.
Métis
Learn about the development of the Michif language and how it exemplifies a fusion of Métis and French cultures.
Words Matter
An Anishinaabe woman of Cree and Ojibway descent recalls the first instance in her childhood when she encountered the term Indian.
Words, Places, and Belonging
Read excerpts that explore the importance of land and landscape to Indigenous identity and culture.
“I’m Not the Indian You Had in Mind”
Thomas King's poem explores the difference between stereotypes of Indigenous Peoples and how these people live their lives in contemporary Canada.
The Idea of the "Indian"
Learn about the ideas the first Europeans brought with them to Canada that determined their responses to the Indigenous Peoples they encountered.
From "Noble Savage" to "Wretched Indian"
Examine the differing ideas about Indigenous Peoples conveyed in a painting by George Catlin and an excerpt from Charles Dickens.